Loneliness in Later Life: Perspectives from Local Service Providers in Coimbra

Abstract

Loneliness in later life is a growing social issue in contemporary societies, intensified by demographic ageing, changes in family structures, and widening social inequalities. In Portugal, one of the most aged countries in Europe, this phenomenon raises important concerns for social justice and the protection of rights in old age. Despite increasing international attention, little is known about how frontline community professionals understand and respond to loneliness among older adults in specific territorial contexts. This study used semi‑structured interviews with six professionals working in different sectors, and the data were analysed through thematic content analysis. Based on these primary qualitative data, the study adopted a qualitative exploratory‑interpretative design to examine loneliness in ageing as a social determinant of mental health from the perspective of professionals in the municipality of Coimbra. The findings reveal five interconnected dimensions shaping experiences of loneliness: critical life transitions, fragile relational networks, territorial constraints, socioeconomic vulnerability, and institutional limitations. These results highlight that loneliness in ageing is a multidimensional and socially produced phenomenon. The study underscores the need for integrated public policies, early and community‑based interventions, and stronger coordination between health, social services, and local networks to promote dignified and socially supported ageing.